Online shopping With the development of technology, online shopping has become popular in people’s life. As many of us might have witnessed, more people are buying products through the Internet. It tends to be a common phenomenon.
Undoubtedly, online shopping has brought us many conveniences. Different.
people hold the different ideas according to this phenomenon. The majority of people believe that online shopping is not only convenient but also helpful for people as a new shopping way. On the one hand, online shopping doesn’t need you to pour a lot of time and energy into buying things. If you go shopping in this way, you will a few minutes choosing the things that you need online instead of going out.
Moreover, online shopping doesn’t need us to get the things in person. On the other hand, online stores can provide various goods to satisfy our ?need. Besides, we can save much money by online shopping.
From above, we can know that online shopping has good effect on our life, but every coin has two sides. Some people hold the opposite ideas. First, for example, we maybe buy something wrong online because we don’t take much notice of the quality of the goods. Second, there are many swindlers who cheat us out of money by opening a fake online store.
As far as I am concerned, shopping online is an irreversible trend. More and more people will be accustomed to it. It will be much more popular in the near future. Although shopping online is a good way in shopping, we also need to reflect on when we buy things in this way.
中考英语作文：Shopping on the Internet
With the development of the Internet and the popularization of computers, shopping on the Internet has become a commonplace in our life. Here consumers can buy almost everything they need.
Shopping on the Internet has a lot of advantages, of which the most important is perhaps its convenience. People don't have to waste a lot of their energy and precious time to go from one shop to another to choose the commodities they like. This is especially desirable to the old, the sick and the busy people who cannot go to the shops in person. The goods come in all shapes, sizes and colors on the Internet. All they need to do is to sit in front of their computers and click the mouses. The commodities they order will be delivered to them promptly.
However, shopping on the Internet also has its disadvantages. The first disadvantage is that the consumers can't see the goods or try them on personally. Sometimes, the real goods may not be the same as what they have seen on the computer. The second disadvantage is that some shops on the Internet are not registered. They will never deliver anything to you after they get the money from you. Once cheated, you will find that you have nowhere to go to complain.
Online Shopping
Several decades ago, it should be a marvelous wonder to purchase our favorite gifts only by clicking the mouse and then just waiting for the door knock by a smiling expressive delivery courier with the exact package you ordered. While, today, it is no long a rare case. Combined with the fast food, the digital communication , online shopping has been a common part of our life.
Admittedly, on line shopping offers magical convenience. For example, it saves time and offers numerous choices since floods of information can be supplied on Internet. While, every coin has tow sides and online shopping is no different. Have you still remembered the annoying time when you found the commodities you buy on Internet was not the slightest as what you had expected and long time had to be taken for its replace and even compensation. Actually, just with the seemingly beautiful pictures of the products on Internet, it is hard for us to make rational choices. After all, seeing is believing.
Then, what should we do? The foremost is to enforce establish some relevant laws and regulations, with strong supervision over some shopping websites being reinforced as well. Then, the consumers also should be equipped with more alert in case of being trapped once again. Remember, any fast –and- easy things asks for big prices to be paid.
Online shopping has made our daily life more convenient and comfortable. For example ， shopping on the internet can save students a great deal of time on the way between home and store， so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work. The internet has shorten the distance between manufacturers and consumers and thus we can even buy goods in other countries .On the other hand ， lack of the face to face deal makes online shopping less reliable and trustworthy. What’ s more the delivery will increase the risk of items’ damage.
In my opinion， shopping on the internet is an irreversible trend. More and more people will be accustomed to it. It will be much more popular in the near future. And at the same time we should take some measures to make it perfect.
Which is better,shopping online or traditional shopping? Different people have different attitudes towards people think that online shopping is very convenient,for it can save them a lot of time and 's especially helpful for those who are always busy with their the internet,they can get more information about the commodities they want to buy and buy a lot of things that cannot be bought in local places.
Nevertheless,I'm not keen on online shopping at all,since most commodities which are bought online are of poor we are cheated,we may find it difficult to make a we should take more cautions when shopping online.
In my eyes,I prefer traditional shopping,because I can choose what I really can know the quality of every commodity more if there's something wrong with the commodities,I can still ask the sellers to compensate for my loss.
翻译：
在我看来，我更喜欢普通的购物方式，因为我只需要选购我所需要的，而且我还能很清楚的知道商品的质量如何。假如我买的东西出现问题，我还能让卖家赔偿我的损失。
In the current society， with the rapid development of the Internet， shopping on the internet has been a fashion especially among the youngsters？
Online shopping has made our daily life become more convenient and feel comfortable。 In the first place， shopping on the Internet can save much time so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic the second place， the Internet has provided kinds of goods to consumers， and we can save much money through online shopping？
However， every coin has two sides， online shopping also has shortcomings。 We maybe buy some fake products online because of lacking of the face to face communication with 's more， the delivery will increase the risk of items' damage.
Weighing up these two arguments， I prefer the former， because shopping on the internet has become more and more important to us in our daily should follow the footsteps of the times.
With the rapid development of our society, more and more people are fond of online shopping for its convenience. Online shopping has been a heated fashion. But different people have different views on this point. After all, every coin has two sides.
Online shopping has advantages as well as disadvantages. Firstly, nowadays, the Internet has become a must. As convenient as it is, people depend on online shopping as it caters for those who are busy with work or other things. And it can help us save much money, which is cheaper than what we buy in the physical store. What’s more, it contributes the Internet to the further development.
However, it is also a risk of online shopping as we pay the bill online by our credit cards, we may be cheated by the dishonest shoppers. Sometimes the quality of what we buy online is much worse than we could imagine.
In my opinion, when we are shopping online, we should keep wise to prevent us from treating. And we’ll find that online shopping has advantages over disadvantages.
[关键词] 公示语 公示语翻译 导购牌
一、公示语研究现状
二、部分错误分析
笔者对西安市民生、开元、百盛、世纪金花等六个大型购物商场的双语导购牌进行了全面调查，结果令人堪忧：30多个导购牌230余条公示语中错误率竟高达。随后将所拍导购牌照片发给一些英美国家的朋友，请他们指出问题所在并加以纠正，同时，也和生活在西安的外籍教师和朋友做了面对面的交流探讨，发现主要问题是用词不当、名词单复数误用和拼写错误。下面就以几个比较典型的导购牌为例进行分析，并提出修改意见。为方便分析起见，将导购牌上的文字原封不动地抄录下来。
例1. 某购物商场一层的导购牌
珠宝首饰 jewelry
名表眼镜 famouse watch & glasses
化妆洗涤 cosmetics & washing detergent
美容中心 ladie’s beauty center
**通讯广场 mobile-phone square
在这个导购牌上，只有珠宝首饰的英译得到了几乎所有英美朋友的认可。
“美容中心”被译为“ladie’s beauty center”，lady 的复数所有格形式的正确写法是“ladies’”，这样的错误即使英语初学者也会发现，但在该购物商场却频频出现。而且ladies’在此多余累赘，因为原文是美容中心而非女子美容中心，的受访者认为“beauty center”可以接受，但beauty salon更符合英语国家的语言习惯。
“名表眼镜”的英译文中“famouse”多了一个字母e, “glasses” 是复数，但和它并列的“watch” 却是单数，应改为watches。71%的受访者认为famous最好去掉，认为是中式英语。“名表眼镜”是四字结构，满足中国人的审美需求和追求名牌的购物心理。但是导购牌是指示性公示语，意在向公众指明在本层能买到什么商品, 因此，将“名表眼镜”改译为watches & glasses，足以指明主要信息，也符合公示语语言简洁的特点，如果译文要表明所售手表和眼镜品质很高、皆为名牌，英语国家商场导购牌中通常用designer，有时也用brand。因此，“名表眼镜”可以译为“designer watches & glasses”
“化妆洗涤” 中的“洗涤”被译成“washing detergent”，属于用词不当，就是对所选词的涵义不清楚、生搬硬套，令人啼笑皆非。其实查一下字典就不难发现：detergent 的意思是 “a chemical product used for cleaning esp. clothing and dishes”(洗洁剂；洗衣粉)，是用来洗衣服或碗碟的。显然此层所售是洗面奶、浴液等洗护用品。错误的公示语翻译没有把有用的信息进行准确无误地传译，反而误导了目的语读者，给他们带来不便。建议将“washing detergent”修改为skin care，更符合目的语的表达习惯。
“**通讯广场”中的广场被译为“square”，是不加辨别的直译，属于用词不当。square 的意思是“a broad open place at the meeting of streets”即（街道交汇的）广场，如tian an men square (天安门广场), 此处的“广场”译为center 或者 shop更为妥帖。
例2. 某购物商场二层的导购牌
男休闲装 men’s leisure dress
男士西裤 men’s trousers
男士西装 men’s dress
男士衬衫 men’s shirt
羊毛绒衫 woolen / fine hair wear
t恤衫 t-shirt
“men’s shirt”和“t-shirt”中名词应该用复数：“men’s shirts”和“t-shirts”。
“男休闲装”和“男士西装”的英译文都用了“dress”一词，这是典型的用词不当，而且其他购物商场也大量存在。主要原因是译者混淆了dress、suit、wear等表示服装的词。dress作为不可数名词时，指“clothing, esp. outer clothing”（服装，尤指外面穿的服装），如英籍外教elaine所说，dress可以指“all clothes”，作为可数名词时，dress指“a woman’s or girl’s outer garment that covers the body from shoulder to knee or below” (连衣裙；女服)，常以复数出现。suit 的意思是“a set of outer clothes which match, usu. including a short coat (jacket) with trousers or skirt 即一套服装（通常包括上衣和裤子或裙子）。wear 则指“(used esp. in business) clothes of the stated type, or for the stated purpose”，指（尤指商业用语）某种衣服；做某种用途的衣服。因此，建议“男休闲装”改译为men’s leisure wear，“男士西装”改译为men’s suits。而且英美国家类似的表达多选用“wear”一词。各大商场导购牌上频繁出现的“女职业装”译为ladies’ professional wear更好。
“羊毛绒衫” 的英译文是“woolen / fine hair wear”, 多数目的语受访者能够接受“woolen wear”，但多用“funny” （可笑的；难以理解的）来评价fine hair wear，hair 指“a fine threadlike growth from the skin of a person or animal (毛发；兽毛)，fine则指“beautiful and of high quality; better than most of its kind”，表示质量好的、美丽的。但fine hair并不是质量很高的羊毛绒，而是“细发”的意思。英语中有一词专门表示“羊毛绒”：cashmere，意指“fine soft wool made from the hair of a type of goat which lives in kashmir”开士米（一种喀什米尔羊的细软羊毛），因此，“羊毛绒衫”改译为cashmere sweaters 或者woolen sweaters更为可取。另一商场“羊毛绒精品”的译文是“superior”, 对此受访者们大都表示“i don’t understand what this sign is saying at all”(我根本不明白这条公示语指什么)。指示性公示语一般提供“静态”的信息，多用名词或者名词结构。作为名词，superior 通常指“a person of higher rank, esp. in a job”(上司；上级)，显然离题甚远，很难不令译入语读者大为疑惑。“公示语翻译的第一条基本原则就是‘抄袭’和模仿”（xxx，2006）。因此，可以照搬英语中功能相等的习惯表达，将“羊毛绒精品”改译为luxury woolen wear。
例3. 某购物商场四层的导购牌
女性内衣 ladie’s underwear
棉毛内衣 cotton & woolen underwear
家居服 home life wear
“女性内衣”的译文存在拼写错误和用词不当。首先，ladie’s应为ladies’, 此处的所有格是否需要“’”，受访者意见不一，有人认为应该去掉，英语国家的读者能够明白；有人认为加上之后更加清楚明了（easier to see）。笔者更倾向于后者的观点。其次，“女性内衣”在英语中对应的表达方式是lingerie (underclothes for women, esp. for sale in shops), 专指（店内出售的）女性内衣。因此，“女性内衣”译为lingerie 更加恰当。
“棉毛内衣”被译为“cotton & woolen underwear”，看似对应，也清楚地说明了内衣的质地，但是并不符合英语国家的表达习惯。英籍教师elaine 指出woolen从不和underwear搭配使用。棉毛内衣的主要功能是保暖，译为 thermal underwear更比较符合的语语言习惯。
“家居服”的译文为“home life wear”，受访者们大概能够理解这条公示语，但与笔者交流后，认为这样的服装比较轻松（relaxing）和舒服（comfortable），改译为leisure wear更加恰切，更容易为英语国家读者所接受。
三、结语
翻译人员语言基础不够扎实、疏忽大意、对的语文化缺乏了解以及有关部门监管不力等是导致上述导购牌错误百出的主要原因。公示语翻译是一种跨文化的交际活动，翻译过程中必须考虑译入语的语言习惯，通过和外籍人士交流探讨，了解目的语中已经约定俗成并且功能对等的表达方法，尽可能采用“回译”（back translation）和“借用”（borrowing）的方法，准确无误地将有用的信息进行传译，为外籍人士提供方便。实现公示语翻译的统一化、准确化和规范化任重道远，我们需要共同努力来净化城市的语言环境，改善城市的国际形象。
参考文献:
[1]北京第二外国语学院公示语翻译研究中心:全国公示语翻译现状的调查与分析[j].中国翻译，2007(5):62～67
[2]xxx显xxx发:公示语汉英翻译研究～以2012年奥运会主办城市伦敦为例[j].中国翻译，2005(6):38～42
[3]xxx发:公示语的汉英翻译[j].中国科技翻译，2004(2)：38～41
Online shopping With the development of technology, online shopping has become popular in
people’s life. As many of us might have witnessed, more people are buying products through the Internet. It tends to be a common phenomenon.
Undoubtedly, online shopping has brought us many conveniences. Different
people hold the different ideas according to this phenomenon. The majority of people believe that online shopping is not only convenient but also helpful for people as a new shopping way. On the one hand, online shopping doesn’t need you to pour a lot of time and energy into buying things. If you go shopping in this way, you will spend a few minutes choosing the things that you need online instead of going out.
Moreover, online shopping doesn’t need us to get the things in person. On the other hand, online stores can provide various goods to satisfy our endless need. Besides, we can save much money by online shopping.
As far as I am concerned, shopping online is an irreversible trend. More and more people will be accustomed to it. It will be much more popular in the near future. Although shopping online is a good way in shopping, we also need to reflect on when we buy things in this way.
【参考译文】
Nowadays with the ever rapid development and increasing popularity of the information technology , shopping on the internet has been a fashion especially among the youngsters.
Online shopping has made our daily life more convenient and comfortable. For example , shopping on the internet can save students a great deal of time on the way between home and store, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work. The internet has shorten the distance between manufacturers and consumers and thus we can even buy goods in other countries .On the other hand , lack of the face to face deal makes online shopping less reliable and trustworthy. What’ s more the delivery will increase the risk of items’ damage.
In my opinion, shopping on the internet is a irreversible trend. More and more people will be accustomed to it. It will be much more popular in the near future. And at the same time we should take some measures to make it perfect.
November 11 is Bachelor’s Day,it is a joke that shopping can make up the loneliness on that day,the manufacturers sense the great business,so they give great discount on that day,people are attracting by the discount,they buy a lot of things on that special we known that people lose their wisdom when they buy things,most things are useless.
11月11号是光棍节，据开玩笑，这天购物能弥补寂寞，厂商闻到了巨大商机，所以他们在那天打折，人们被折扣吸引，在那天买很多东西。但是我们知道人们买东西的时候没有理智，很多东西都是没有用的。
Today,shopping online brings great discount,the price of the product will be cheaper online,so people like to shopping the holiday comes,the products even get cheaper,customers always wait for the chance to pay the lower is said that as so many buy things on Bachelor’s Day,the express delivery congested,customers got their stuff very is more ridiculous that a couple porced because the wife bought too many things online.
Now December 12 is coming soon,the discount is being presented,it is a great lure that customers can’t control online should be rational,we just buy what we need,the rest even is cheaper,but without value,we must realize is a waste.
Now,we can get cheaper stuff not only online,we should control ourselves,we buy what we are using,we can use the money to do meaning thing.
一、培养跨文化意识的教学原则
1.结合教材，将语言教学与跨文化意识培养结合起来。部分教师觉得跨文化意识的培养很抽象，教学中不好操作。实际上，并非如此。它可以在语言教学的各个阶段，各个层次上进行。以饮食文化的教学为例，教师可以将其与可数名词和不可数名词的教学结合起来。教师可以先呈现图片，介绍美国人的购物习惯：大多数美国家庭一周去超市购买一次食物，因此，要购买很多东西；为了避免遗漏，人们购物前习惯列一个清单，列出要购买的食物和数量。然后，向学生展示一份美国家庭的食物购买清单，与学生一起学习所列的食物名称和数量的表达方法。最后，让学生模仿美国人的习惯为自己家写一份“一周食物购买清单”。上述教学可以将可数名词和不可数名词、名词的数量表达和文化背景知识结合在一起。这样，结合学生的年龄特点和生活实际，让他们觉得英语学习有趣，有用。
2.跨文化意识培养要实现情境化。跨文化意识的培养应将英语学习与学生的切身感受相结合。英语教学情境化有利于学生在交际中用英语思维，学会使用正确的英美社交用语和体态语来实现交际目的。教师应合理运用多种手段，充分调动学生的多种学习智能，为学生营造形象的、融视听说于一体的语言情景。比如，用多媒体播放与教学内容相关的电影和电视片段，引导学生观察英语国家的社会文化和风俗习惯；邀请有留学或旅游经历的人士给学生介绍真实的跨文化交际的情景。
二、培养跨文化意识的方法
1.在词汇教学中培养跨文化意识
谚语包含着丰富的文化信息，学生可以通过英语谚语来了解词的文化含义。以dog一词为例，教师可以向学生介绍一些与dog有关的谚语，例如：He works like a dog.（拼命工作）
He is a top dog.（身居要职）
He is a lucky dog.（幸运儿）
Love me，love my dog.（爱屋及乌）
Every dog has his day.（凡人皆有得意之日）
2.在听说教学中培养跨文化意识
教师可以利用多媒体技术和丰富的影视资源，让学生通过“视”和“听”硖逖橛⒂锕家的文化，感悟中西方文化的不同。学生看完影视资料之后，教师可以让学生将自己看到和听到的内容和体会讲出来，写下来或表演出来。
3.在阅读教学中培养跨文化意识
A retailer looking to expand their business or attract more customers doesnt invest in shinier posters to put outside the shop or better TV retailers know that the eyes of their consumers are glued to the computer stores are rapidly becoming one of the most popular places to go for clothes,books,home appliances,and even not only save time by being able to browse multiple stores at once,but also enjoy the added benefit of reading product reviews.
Some,however,still prefer the traditional Saturday afternoon of window shopping,dashing in and out of fitting rooms,and stopping for an afternoon find shopping in stores more social,and relish the chance to try the clothes on before buying online is certainly not for everyone.
I find myself with a foot in both enjoy the convenience of scanning Amazons best sellers,and love that they can offer me personalized recommendations based on my previous beats curling up in a comfy armchair on a Sunday afternoon in the bookstore around the corner and paging through stacks of books to create my summer reading collection.
With the development of the e-commerce, more and more people intent to do the shopping online. There are many advantages of online shopping, yet there are some disadvantages too.
On the one hand, the online shopping are very convenient. Unlike the physical stores, there is no limit of time for you to do the shopping online. And you can find anything in the online store, some of which you may hardly buy at the local. And also, the price is relatively transparent, you can choose the affordable one to buy.
On the other hand, since the goods are only presented by the pictures and descriptions, it is hard to tell its reality, so you might have bought something you don’t like, or even the fake one. Of course you can ask for the after service, but it will increase your cost of the time. And the advertisements on the online shops may make you spend much more money on online shopping without being conscious.
Anyway, the online shopping makes the shopping easier, but please do it with rationality.
